Photonic crystals are periodic optical structures that can control the flow of light. Multiple reflections from surfaces separated by a distance similar to the wavelength prevent an optical beam from ...

Robots have been working in the manufacturing industry since the 1950s, but their entry into the realm of medicine was not until the 1990s, along with a demand for minimally invasive surgery. Since ...

Julia Kagan is a financial/consumer journalist and former senior editor, personal finance, of Investopedia. Andy Smith is a Certified Financial Planner (CFP®), licensed realtor and educator with over ...