Traffic assignment models form the backbone of transportation network analysis by determining how travel demand is distributed across a network. Central to these models is the principle of user ...

The MARL-OD-DA framework redesigns multi-agent reinforcement learning by using OD-pair–level agents and Dirichlet-based continuous routing actions, enabling scalable and stable traffic assignment in ...

Traffic flow modelling and dynamics are at the forefront of efforts to understand and optimise urban transport systems. The field integrates theoretical and computational approaches to depict and ...