Scientists have investigated the deposition of thin chalcopyrite layers. They were able to observe specific defects as these formed during deposition and under what conditions they self-healed using ...

Semiconductor die thickness is getting thinner over time due to improvement of power efficiency in advance power electronic packages. Ultrathin die with convex warpage can easily deteriorate the ...

Copper-indium-gallium-selenide (CIGSe) solar cells have the highest efficiency of polycrystalline thin-film solar cells. The four elements comprising CIGSe are vapour-deposited onto a substrate ...